Copper smelting is an intricate high‐temperature process that converts copper concentrates into purer metallic copper through a series of chemical and thermal reactions. Central to modern smelting ...

Copper smelters from 3,000 years ago may have experimented with materials just enough to launch the Iron Age. The Bronze Age gave way to the Iron Age as the refining process of iron was discovered.

Although Charles Hall conducted his first successful run of the Hall-Héroult aluminium smelting process in the woodshed behind his house, it has ever since remained mostly out of reach of home ...

Low-Carbon Benefits: Achieving full-chain process, injecting 136 Nm³ of hydrogen per ton of iron, solid fuel replacement ratio 0.36~1.0 kg/Nm³, reducing carbon emissions from blast furnace ironmaking ...

Breakthroughs, discoveries, and DIY tips sent every weekday. Terms of Service and Privacy Policy. Around 1200 BCE, mankind began its shift away from bronze when a new ...

Alcoa announced new 10-year energy contract with New York Power Authority for its Massena operations and a $60 million ...

Here’s what you’ll learn when you read this story: Copper smelters from 3,000 years ago may have experimented with materials just enough to launch the Iron Age. The Bronze Age gave way to the Iron Age ...