Abstract: The quadratic knapsack problem (QKP) with constraints has been a focus of attention in combinatorial optimization, where traditional exact algorithms face difficulties in solving large-scale ...

This paper proposes an exact method to solve an integer indefinite quadratic bilevel problem with multiple objectives at the upper level, where the objective functions at both levels are a product of ...

Abstract: Fractional programming (FP) is a branch of mathematical optimization that deals with the optimization of ratios. It is an invaluable tool for signal processing and machine learning, because ...