This tore electrons out of the xenon atoms, i.e., it ionized them. Very shortly afterward, the physicists fired a second pair of short laser pulses at the electrons released in this way ...

such as xenon or krypton, stored on board a spacecraft. The ionization process produces a cloud of ions and electrons. Then a principle called the Hall effect generates an electric field that ...

Like all noble gases, xenon is colourless ... properties'; elements coming late to the party, with no unpaired electrons to share, may not get a seat at the table. But Ramsey established their ...

Ion engines propel a spacecraft one atom at a time. The devices rip electrons off xenon gas to create a stream of charged particles. Next the ions pass through a magnetic field, which speeds up ...