Researchers have tied strings of molecules into a complicated knot whose strands cross one another nine times — an unprecedented feat. In nature, a DNA molecule often takes the form of one large knot ...

Theoretical physicists put Google's artificial intelligence AlphaFold to the test and find the most complex protein knots so far. Theoretical physicists at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz have put ...

Suppose that a composite knot K in S3 can be changed to a trivial knot by 1/n-surgery along a trivial loop C. We show that |n| ≤ 2. Moreover, if there is a decomposing sphere of K which meets C in two ...

The question of how the chemical composition of a protein, the amino acid sequence, determines its 3D structure has been one of the biggest challenges in biophysics for more than half a century. This ...

Proteins are long chains of amino acids that are essential building blocks for all living things. These chains form complex three-dimensional shapes that play a key part in their function—when ...

Researchers formed stable vortex knots in chiral nematic liquid crystals and used electric pulses to reversibly fuse and split them into different knotted forms. (Nanowerk News) The knots in your ...

Tiny tangles Transmission electron micrograph of DNA (blue) from a bacteriophage (bright spot at centre). Under normal conditions, all the DNA needs to fit inside the phage, which gives an idea of the ...

The question of how the chemical composition of a protein, the amino acid sequence, determines its 3D structure has been one of the biggest challenges in biophysics for more than half a century. This ...