The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine are private, nonprofit institutions that provide expert advice on some of the most pressing challenges facing the nation and world. Our ...

Illustration of daytime-warm-season boundary layer circulations and Cumulus cloud formation over complex terrain. Current research efforts in mesoscale and boundary-layer dynamics utilize novel ...

The planetary boundary layer (PBL) is also known as the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). It is the lowest part of the atmosphere and its behavior is directly influenced by its contact with the ground ...

Turbulence makes many people uneasy or downright queasy. And it's given researchers a headache, too. Mathematicians have been trying for a century or more to understand the turbulence that arises when ...

If you’ve ever spent time writing beat poetry about container ships chugging their way into and out of harbors, “nimble” or “fast” will be unlikely to make it into your finely crafted written words.

If there are no shear stresses present, there is no fluid deformation, and the behavior of a fluid is described by the bulk modulus relating the pressure and the compression strain. In the presence of ...

It seems like only a couple of months since Boundary Layer announced its $5 million-ish round of financing, but the company hasn’t been resting on its laurels. Today, its founders told me it signed up ...